Janne Laine

Abstract
Psychometric experiments were carried out in order to increase the understanding of how special effects influence the consumer perception of printed products. Seven different contents ranging from advertisements to covers of packages and annual reports were chosen and different special effect versions of each were created. The following types of special effects were used: metallic inks, selective gloss or pearlescent varnishing, and scented varnish. Conventional CMYK samples without special effects were also included in the sample set for reference. A total of 49 observers participated in the subjective assessment of the special effect print samples. An assessment session with a single observer consisted of a number of different assessment tasks and lasted for approximately 1.5 hours. Especially the gloss and pearlescent varnish effects were seen to increase the effectiveness of a printed product in attracting the viewers’ attention, compared to samples with no special effects. In some cases a significant improvement in the preference assessments was also achieved with the use special effects, particularly the two varnish effects mentioned above. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to distil from the large data set of subjective assessments (50 attributes of 12 print samples assessed by 49 observers, for a total of 29400 observations) the essential perceptual shifts caused by the printed special effects. The first two principal components explained the majority of perceived differences between the special effect print samples, and were interpreted to correspond to perceptual dimensions that were termed Noteworthiness and Aesthetic Value.

Keywords: Special effects, Printing, Perception, User experience, Psychometry
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Siv Lindberg, Annika Lindström

Abstract
This study investigates the perception of print quality in printed images using eye movement recordings and psychophysical scaling. Further, the relation between the perceptual criteria: print quality, colour accuracy, sharpness, and print mottle are investigated. Eye-movement patterns were compared during evaluation. Results show that although average perceptual scales show a good agreement between experts and laymen, eye-tracking data show that different visual strategies are adopted in certain cases. In particular, experts have significantly fewer fixation counts and longer average fixation duration during all assessment criteria, compared to laymen. This may indicate that experts have a more focused way of evaluating print quality criteria, that they have a strategy about where to look in an image when assessing a specific criterion.

Keywords: Print quality Eye-tracking Colour accuracy, Sharpness
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Ulf Lindqvist, Niels Bjørn-Andersen, Örn S. Kaldalóns, Arne Krokan, Christian Persson, Leif Bloch Rasmussen, Soley Rasmussen

Abstract
It has been the scope of this study to create new service forms and business models for the border area between e-Business and Media (e-Media). The project was carried out by a Nordic consortium consisting of five research organisations and eight companies with financial support from the Nordic Innovation Centre (NICe).

The study first analyses the structural changes in the media and allied industries, i.e. content creation and advertising. Thereafter, a framework for innovations in e-Media is built up, together with a variety of business models. The framework is used to identify new, innovative service embryos for the e-Media sector. Finally eight new services are developed in industrial case studies.

The project has been carried out by a consortium consisting of five Nordic research organisations, which have relations to e-Business and the media sector, together with eight industrial partners from the media sector, software companies, and service providers.

The outcome of the project is an extensive description of innovation methods and business models for Nordic companies working in the media or e-Business sector or offering services over the net. The report also gives eight examples of more or less successfully exploited e-Media pilot cases.

Keywords: e-Business, e-Media, Business models, Value chain
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